Behavior response, growth, and structure of the eye retinal layer in juvenile Seabass, Lates calcarifer: Light-induced changes

Light is a key environmental factor that strongly related to fish activity and behavior. Exposure certain wavelengths known affect growth performance survival of teleost larvae juveniles. Our study aimed determine the effects exposure three light sources [red (710 nm), blue (453 nm) green (510 nm)] on performance, behavioral response, visibility (time eat, in minutes), structure retinal layer juvenile [approx. 4.3 cm total length (N = 30)] seabass (Lates calcarifer). Fish were acclimated conditions for four weeks prior data collection. Behavioral responses, including schooling organization, swimming speed, time consume prey, feeding all improved juveniles reared under red nm). Preliminary histological observations revealed from red-light environment have thickest retina layers highest density photoreceptors. suggest useful aquaculture L. calcarifer.